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Innovation and Investment: Nasdaq-Listed Companies of Israel  [PDF]
Mustafa Seref Akin
Technology and Investment (TI) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/ti.2010.14031
Abstract: Using a cross-section of Nasdaq-listed Israeli companies, we examine the impact of R & D spending on their market values and the ecosystem for start-ups in Israel. We find a very strong positive association between the two, learning that $1 million of spending in R & D associated with an increase of $5 million of market value. Among all countries outside the U.S., Israel is third after Canada and China in terms of the number of stocks registered on Nasdaq. Since 1981, sixty-one companies have registered, and their total R & D spending in 2009 reached $3.750 billion, which is approximately equal to the total R & D expenditure of Turkey. In the region, Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries cannot accomplish to register in Nasdaq. Israel’s great success comes from the strong dedication and cooperation between private and public sectors in research and venture capital. Israel spends 4.7% of its GDP for R & D, which is equal to the total expenditure of MENA.
Does Venture Capital Spur Patenting? Evidence from State-Level Cross-Sectional Data for the United States  [PDF]
Mustafa Seref Akin
Technology and Investment (TI) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/ti.2011.24030
Abstract: We test the venture capital and patenting hypothesis state-level cross-section data for the United States, whereas previous research has been industry and firm based. We categorize R&D funds (federal research, industry research and academic research funds). We include the income level (gdp per capita) and size of the states (gdp, population, civilian labor force). We consider human capital factors as adding science and research holders of each state through different categories (doctoral sciences and engineering degree holders, graduate students of science and engineering, post doctorate students). Finally, we include the grants received by the Small Business Innovation Center. Even after controlling so many variables, our results suggest that venture funding has a strong positive impact on patenting in state-level cross-section data. A one billion dollar increase in venture capital is associated with an increase in 440 patents whereas a one billion dollar increase in corporate R&D is associated with an increase in 140 patents. Kortum and Lerener [1] find that a dollar of venture capital is seven times more powerful in stimulating pattern than a dollar of corporate R&D. Our research suggests that this difference is three times.
Peroxisome proliferators-activated alpha agonist treatment ameliorates hepatic damage in rats with obstructive jaundice: an experimental study
Mehmet Cindoruk, Mustafa Kerem, Tarkan Karakan, Bulent Salman, Okan Akin, Murat Alper, Ozlem Erdem, Selahattin ünal
BMC Gastroenterology , 2007, DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-7-44
Abstract: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: I = sham operated, II = bile duct ligation (BDL), III = BDL + vehicle (gum Arabic), IV = BDL + fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day). All rats were sacrificed on 7th day after obtaining blood samples and liver tissue. Total bilirubin, aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase, (GGT), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β), and total bile acid (TBA) in serum, and liver damage scores; portal inflammation, necrosis, bile duct number, in liver tissue were evaluated. Apoptosis in liver was also assessed by immunohistochemical staining.Fenofibrate administration significantly reduced serum total bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, TNF-α, IL-1 β levels, and TBA (P < 0.01). Hepatic portal inflammation, hepatic necrosis, number of the bile ducts and apoptosis in rats with BDL were more prominent than the sham-operated animals (P < 0.01). PPARα induction improved all histopathologic parameters (P < 0.01), except for the number of the bile duct, which was markedly increased by fenofibrate therapy (P < 0.01).Short-term administration of fenofibrate to the BDL rats exerts beneficial effects on hepatocellular damage and apoptosis.Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by impaired hepatocellular secretion of bile, resulting in intracellular accumulation of bilirubin, bile acids and cholesterol. Bile duct ligation (BDL) causes complete blockage of cholesterol excretion, and it is well known that hyperlipidemia develops in obstructive jaundice. Bile acids are the major products of cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and act as physiological detergents that facilitate absorption, transport, disruption of lipid-soluble fats and vitamins; furthermore it also aids in the excretion of lipids. Retention and accumulation of toxic, hydrophilic bile salts stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances apoptosis which
Factors Predicting Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Involvement in Sentinel Node Positive Breast Carcinoma
Merih GüRAY DURAK,Bülent AKANSU,Mehmet Mustafa AKIN,Ali ？brahim SEV？N？
Türk Patoloji Dergisi , 2011,
Abstract: Objective: In routine practice, axillary lymph node dissection is performed in early invasive breast cancer patients with positive sentinel node biopsy. However, sentinel node is the only involved axillary node in 40-70% of patients, and determining factors that predict axillary non-sentinel node involvement will therefore prevent unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection and decrease morbidity.Material and Method: In this study, 119 invasive breast cancer patients with sentinel node metastasis who underwent axillary lymph node dissection between 1998-2009 at our institution were studied. Primary tumor characteristics and features of the metastatic tumors in sentinel nodes, such as microanatomic location, size of metastasis, and the ratio of metastatic tumor area to the total sentinel node area were evaluated. Student's t-test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.7 years (28-80). Forty-three patients (36%) had invasive ductal and 25 patients (21%) had invasive lobular carcinoma. Most of the patients had either pT1 (44%) or pT2 (54%) tumors. Fifty-four patients (45%) had no further positive nodes in the axilla. The metastatic deposits in the sentinel node were subcapsular in 16 patients (13%). The percent area of sentinel node occupied by tumor (p<0.001), number of sentinel nodes (p=0.041), and microanatomic location of metastatic tumor (p=0.002) were significantly associated with non-sentinel node metastasis in univariate analysis. The percent area of sentinel node occupied by tumor (p<0.001) and number of sentinel nodes (p=0.033) remained significantly associated with non-sentinel node involvement in multivariate analysis.Conclusion: In patients with invasive breast cancer and positive sentinel node, area percent of sentinel node occupied by tumor, and the number of sentinel nodes removed are independently predictive of non-sentinel node involvement.
Design Thinking Application: The Form Revision in Public Administration
Mustafa AKIN
- , 2019,
Abstract: This study is related to the improvement of the recording system (file preparation) with the design thinking by saving time and cost without any data loss at Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Gas Distribution Inc.’s (？GDA？). In the current system, 5142 attachments are prepared per year for 72 files, and this intensive workload caused the department members to be harsh against to each other and especially to the contractors when they are stressful to do their jobs. The number of attachments has been reduced from 5142 to 396 as a result of the implementation of the design thinking as innovation process. Our aim is to introduce this innovative system by solving this problem which affects work productivity and stress. In the process, we interviewed with our staff, managers, coordinators, contractors, engineers. Our remediation that we come up is to reorganize the forms. Thanks to this new solution, time and material saving reaches 576 days and 300,000 pages (94% down)
Intracranial Falcine Chondroma: A Case Report and Review of The Literature
Merih Güray DURAK,Gülen Gül N？FL？O？LU,Mehmet Mustafa AKIN,Emel ADA
Journal of Neurological Sciences , 2012,
Abstract: Intracranial chondromas are rare neoplasms that are most commonly located at the skull base. Localization of this tumor in other areas, such as the convexity, falcine area, brain parenchyma or ventricles is less common. These slow-growing benign tumors have non-specific symptoms, and variable radiological findings. Complete surgical removal is the treatment of choice, and long-term prognosis is favorable. Herein, we describe a rare case of intracranial falcine chondroma in a 29 year-old female, and review the pertinent literature.
MODELS OF BRAINSTORMING FOR GAINING A DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW
Mustafa ？eref AKIN
- , 2019,
Abstract: Einstein's remarkable analysis on the solution of the problems is that “Problems cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them.” So how another perspective is captured? For that purpose, is there any methodological brainstorming method that would suggest a different point of view? In the article, “alternative world, contradictory, power of ten” methodologies of brainstorming are explored to combine the old things with new perspectives. By using these brainstorming methods new ideas for video renting, education, banking, healthcare sector, catering, frozen food, ATM and re-organization are developed. Asking people to think differently is like to force someone who does not how to play chess to “checkmate”. Before looking out of the box, it is necessary to determine where to look inside and then outside the box. Before the brainstorming session, the main issue is the determination of the problem and its components. Then, for the solution of these components the search of resources is initiated. Thereafter, brainstorming is realized. Two unrelated concepts are not randomly chosen and combined
Type I Error Rate and Power of Three Normality Tests
Mehmet Mendes,Akin Pala
Information Technology Journal , 2003,
Abstract: In this study, Shapiro-Wilks, Lilliefors and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were compared for Type I error and for power of the tests. The simulation was run 100, 000 times for different situations and for different types of departures from normality. For all different sample sizes and distributions, Shapiro-Wilks gave the most powerful results, followed by the Lilliefors test. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results were the weakest among all three tests. All three test were most powerful when ran on data with exponential distribution.
Evaluation of Four Tests When Normality and Homogeneity of Variance Assumptions are Violated
Mehmet Mendes,Akin Pala
Journal of Applied Sciences , 2004,
Abstract: The present Monte Carlo study compared Type I error rates of four tests under nonnormality and heterogeneity of variance assumptions. Cochran test, Brown–Forsythe test, modified Brown–Forsythe test and approximate ANOVA F test were evaluated for three–and six different groups. At the end of 50,000 simulation trials, the Type I error rates for four tests were affected by the sample size, variance ratio, the number of groups and the relationship between sample sizes and groups variances. Type I error rates of the Brown Forsythe test, extension of the modified Brown–Forsythe test and approximate ANOVA F–test were close to the predetermined alpha levels (0.05), while Cochran tests greatly deviated from the predetermined level.
BLOCK BASED FUZZY CONTROLLERS
Mehmet Karakose & Erhan Akin
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences , 2010,
Abstract:
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